Reduction of F-gases under Kigali Amendment Adaptive MCI solution 100% - 80% - 60% - 40% - 20% - 0% - 2015 56% 1400 R134a (GWP=1430) 1200 1000 99,8% 800 R513A 600 (GWP=631) 400 2025 2035 R290 (GWP=3) 2045 200 0 Article 5 Parties (Group 1): Developing Article 5 Parties (Group 2): Developing Non-Article 5 Parties: Developed Non-Article 5 Parties: Developed Non-Article 5 Parties (EU): Developed What influences GWP? When entering the atmosphere through leakage, a refrigerant influences the global warming by its potential to reflect radiative heat from the earth. This potential is influenced by the molecular structure as well as its lifetime in the atmosphere and is referenced to a natural substance (CO 2 ). However, fossil fuels are used to power reefers on a vessel and CO 2 emitted into the atmosphere also has an impact on global warming. Inefficient systems use more energy and thus generate more CO 2 . TEWI combines the emissions of both refrigerant and power consumption. Total Equivalent Warming Impact The Total Equivalent Warming Impact (TEWI) is a measure that combines the impact from direct and indirect emissions and gives a more holistic picture than a simple GWP comparison. In particular, TEWI enables the comparison of efficiency of different refrigerant options in a specific application. For reefers, the real annual operation profile is taken into account, as they are operated mostly in hot climates and environments. R513A is the pragmatic replacement for R134a, offering high energy efficiency and low GWP. Theoretical average GWP & EU HFC Phase-Down schedule In many regions of the world, refrigerant regulations are coming into effect. In the case of the European Union, emissions from HFC refrigerants will be reduced by 21% in 2031. When considering today’s refrigerant quantities, a theoretical average GWP can be derived, indicating the necessary level of refrigerant GWP to comply with EU regulations. Refrigerants with high GWP will not be explicitly banned but availability will decrease as prices will increase. Theoretical average GWP 4000 - 3000 - 2000 - Theoretical average GWP 1000 - 0 - 2015 2020 2025 - R404A - R134a - R513A - R290 2030 Maersk Container Industry AS - www.mcicontainers.com
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