http://ipaper.ipapercms.dk/AAFGroup/GreenAdvisorReport/GreenAdvisorReport022011/RSS.ashxiPaper PagesThu, 31 May 2012 15:21:13 +0200http://ipaper.ipapercms.dk/AAFGroup/GreenAdvisorReport/GreenAdvisorReport022011/http://ipaper.ipapercms.dk/AAFGroup/GreenAdvisorReport/GreenAdvisorReport022011/?Page=1http://ipaper.ipapercms.dk/AAFGroup/GreenAdvisorReport/GreenAdvisorReport022011/?Page=1GREEN ADVISOR REPORT 2011:02 Supported by2012-05-31T15:21:13+02:00http://ipaper.ipapercms.dk/AAFGroup/GreenAdvisorReport/GreenAdvisorReport022011/?Page=2http://ipaper.ipapercms.dk/AAFGroup/GreenAdvisorReport/GreenAdvisorReport022011/?Page=2Contents Introduction Turning sustainability into profit – ÅF leads by example Leading the way in sustainable technical consulting The start of something really, really good Strategic steps towards greater sustainability in business development To the reader 1 2 3 Publisher: Alice Bah Kuhnke alice.bah.kuhnke@afconsult.com Editor: Maria Saxe maria.saxe@afconsult.com Contact: ÅF Frösundaleden 2 SE-169 99 Stockholm Sweden www.afconsult.com This report is produced with financial support from ÅForsk. Production: Solberg. Print: Elanders. Photos: Peter Bartholdsson, Ola Kjelbye, Stella pictures and others. 4 6 Cases Mapping microbial diversity to make biogas production more efficient Sustainability coordinator – a guarantee for sustainable urban development 8 10 Energy-efficient lighting solution wins sustainability prize 14 Better energy statistics – a first step to better energy use 16 Verifying progress towards the Kyoto Protocol targets Smartphone applications that help reduce energy use Advanced control systems for power plants Efficient new cogeneration plant – more electricity, fewer emissions Replacing fossil fuels with renewables Efficient electric motors Monitoring and controlling environmental emissions data from Boliden’s mines More efficient ozone generation cuts cost of treating water Managing waste for the Swedish Armed Forces 18 20 24 26 28 30 34 36 38 II GREEN ADVISOR REPORT 2 011: 0 22012-05-31T15:21:13+02:00http://ipaper.ipapercms.dk/AAFGroup/GreenAdvisorReport/GreenAdvisorReport022011/?Page=3http://ipaper.ipapercms.dk/AAFGroup/GreenAdvisorReport/GreenAdvisorReport022011/?Page=3INTRODUCTION Turning sustainability into profit – ÅF leads by example At ÅF we believe in leading by example. That’s why, for well over 100 years, ÅF consultants have been committed to developing innovative approaches to technical challenges that combine practical solutions with measurable value-added – for our clients, and for ourselves as well. The principles are simple: use no more than you need and restore as much as you can. The motivation is the same as that behind all sound business practice – sustainability. At ÅF we pride ourselves on showing how to turn waste into wages, efficiency into reduced energy consumption and smart ideas into sustainable changes. It should come as no surprise, therefore, that the video conferencing initiatives so warmly advocated by former Swedish Green Party spokesperson Maria Wetterstrand on page 3 of this Green Advisor Report are one step towards greater sustainability that we have already taken here at ÅF years ago. To be credible in the eyes of our clients, ÅF must itself be a model of sustainable development. To that end we have recently adopted a new sustainability policy, revised our Code of Conduct and introduced formal criteria to ascertain the sustainability status of each and every commercial opportunity. Our generation faces a unique set of challenges: the world must become more energy efficient, the use of fossil fuels must be reduced and industry and individuals need to optimise their use of resources and minimise waste. Several projects presented in this issue show how ÅF has helped to meet these challenges. The STIL2 project inventories energy use for the Swedish Energy Agency – a milestone towards achieving Sweden’s target of reducing energy use in the nation’s buildings by 20 percent by 2020. In Finland ÅF has helped the Energy Market Authority to verify that the country’s power plants and other major emitters measure and report their CO2 emissions accurately. We have provided EPCM consulting services for a new biomass CHP plant in Estonia that will cut greenhouse gas emissions by replacing existing oil- and gas-fuelled power plants, and we have improved gas boiler performance at a Swedish paper mill with software specially developed by ÅF to optimise plant control and reduce the use of resources. In other projects we have pioneered a waste management system for the Swedish Armed Forces engaged in UN missions, helped develop a sophisticated control system to minimise energy use in an ozone-based water purification system, and created smartphone applications together with energy management specialist Minol to give apartment residents direct access to details of their current energy use. By definition, however, sustainability is not about what has already been achieved, but about all that still remains to be done. That’s why more than 4,500 experts here at ÅF are waiting to help you, too, to meet the demands of tomorrow’s greener world. The sooner we begin, the quicker you can start to safeguard the future for your company and the planet – and save money while you’re doing so. “We pride ourselves on showing how to turn waste into wages, efficiency into reduced energy consumption and smart ideas into sustainable changes.” Regards, Jonas Wiström, CEO GREEN ADVISOR REPORT 2 011: 0 2 12012-05-31T15:21:13+02:00http://ipaper.ipapercms.dk/AAFGroup/GreenAdvisorReport/GreenAdvisorReport022011/?Page=4http://ipaper.ipapercms.dk/AAFGroup/GreenAdvisorReport/GreenAdvisorReport022011/?Page=4INTRODUCTION Leading the way in sustainable technical consulting ÅF is an international consulting company. Our base is in Europe, but our business and clients extend right across the globe. ÅF comprises four divisions – Energy, Industry, Infrastructure, and Technology – each with its own spectrum of specialist skills to match the needs of its clients. Since the company was founded in 1895 with the aim of preventing accidents and making more efficient use of steam power, ÅF has played a major role in the industrial developments that have revolutionised society. The company has guided its clients through four major technology changes – steam, electricity, nuclear power and computerisation – and remained at the forefront of technical progress both throughout the industrial era and in today´s information society. The Industry Division is a leader in consulting services in the fields of process technology, energy efficiency, environmental engineering, industrial IT, automation, electric power systems and mechanical engineering. In Scandinavia, the division is also responsible for ÅF’s offers to the energy market. The Infrastructure Division holds a leading position in the field of consulting services for infrastructure in Scandinavia. The Technology Division offers solutions and consulting services in fields that include telecommunications, defence and development. The key to success ÅF seeks to improve its clients’ operations and make them more efficient by offering solutions that are sustainable over the long term. As a company and an important corporate member of society, ÅF also understands that sustainability is the key to the company’s own success and continuing development. Local roots and global reach Each year ÅF performs more than 30,000 assignments for some 10,000 clients. Assignments vary in length from just a few hours to hundreds of thousands. In recent years ÅF has expanded through acquisitions and organic growth, becoming increasingly international. Each part of ÅF enjoys considerable autonomy, and this helps secure strong local roots while the company’s global structure contributes strength and stability. The collective experience within ÅF places the company firmly in the front rank of technological development. Even so, the solution ÅF delivers is not necessarily the most technically sophisticated – but it is always the best! ÅF has a long history of environmental and corporate social responsibility, contributing through client assignments to the sustainable development of industry and society as a whole. Four specialist divisions The Energy Division focuses on technical and financial consulting services for the energy sector, from advice on business models to implementing investments in power plants and the many related environmental issues. ÅF is an international consulting company, with business all over the world and offices in many countries, marked here in green. 2 GREEN ADVISOR REPORT 2 011: 0 22012-05-31T15:21:13+02:00http://ipaper.ipapercms.dk/AAFGroup/GreenAdvisorReport/GreenAdvisorReport022011/?Page=5http://ipaper.ipapercms.dk/AAFGroup/GreenAdvisorReport/GreenAdvisorReport022011/?Page=5The start of something really, really good – All this travelling to meetings. Just think of the emissions it generates! – But we have to travel to meetings. – Maybe, but look at the statistics. Travel accounts for almost all our emissions. – Every business trip we make is absolutely essential. – Hmm… Are you sure? Perhaps that’s how the discussions started at TeliaSonera. Or at Skanska, Ericsson and Swedbank – all of whom have done the same thing. There is often resistance to change. It’s more comfortable to do things the way they have always been done. It’s understandable, maybe. How many times have captains of industry come up with bright ideas that have lost their shine as soon as they’re put into practice? But this time, change did lead to a genuine improvement. TeliaSonera decided to reduce the company’s business travel by investing instead in “travel-free” meetings with the aid of web TV, telephone and video conferencing technology. I myself have attended one of their video conferences. We were sitting in a room in Farsta in the southern suburbs of Stockholm, while the people we met were in the city centre. They could just as easily have been in Finland, Italy or Japan. The conference table was an ordinary round wooden table. On the far side were two screens where there would normally be chairs. On the screens were the people we were meeting, sitting at a table made of exactly the same wood as ours, so that the two tables seemed to merge seamlessly into one. Even the walls in the two rooms were painted in exactly the same shade. The illusion was so elegant and convincing, I was almost surprised to realise that I couldn’t pour a glass of water for the people sitting opposite! After a while, one of the participants in the other conference room stood up. “Excuse me,” he said. “I have to leave now. I’m meeting some people in Milan next door.” Later he told me that, for him, this is the greatest advantage of videoconferencing. thenburg, He can attend meetings in Gothenburg, ame day – Helsinki and Milan all on the same and still be able to collect the children from kindergarten in the afternoon. noon. TeliaSonera has more than halved its ore effective business travel. That makes more use of working time and saves the company around 14 million euros a year. And, thanks in part to fewer business ss trips, TeliaSonera has slashed its CO O2 emissions by 70 percent over the past seven even years. e? What hapBut is the technology reliable? pens if it isn’t? They told me that there had once been a problem. It took half an hour to o fix using long-distance technical support. rt. But, comical meetpared to the problems of physical cellations, ings, with the risk of flight cancellations, delayed trains and traffic jams, , a glitch glitch like that is nothing. They still do travel on business. They can’t meet new customers in the ether. Sometimes a business trip is essential to solve a particular problem. But today no one at TeliaSonera travels unless they have to. And that saves a huge amount of time. Change can be challenging at times. But it can also be the start of something really, really good. Maria Wetterstrand Co spokesperson for the Swedish Green Co-spokesperson Party 2002–2011 32012-05-31T15:21:13+02:00http://ipaper.ipapercms.dk/AAFGroup/GreenAdvisorReport/GreenAdvisorReport022011/?Page=6http://ipaper.ipapercms.dk/AAFGroup/GreenAdvisorReport/GreenAdvisorReport022011/?Page=6INTRODUCTION Strategic steps towards greater sustainability in business development ÅF strives consistently to achieve a balance between the environmental, social and economic aspects of every project it performs. To ensure that sustainability is properly addressed and factored into the equation, ÅF has adopted a sustainability policy that forms the basis for revised and expanded risk analysis assessments. Society is constantly changing and, from ÅF’s perspective, it is evident that the demands on environmental, social and economic sustainability are increasing every year. ÅF is determined to be perceived as the technical consulting firm that, from a sustainability perspective, best solves the challenges facing clients. To succeed in this ambition it is important to be in the forefront of developing sustainable businesses. This is why ÅF has recently adopted a new sustainability policy, intended to ensure that all the projects in which we are involved always take the multiple dimensions of sustainability into account. The new ÅF sustainability policy will provide a framework for all ÅF’s business operations and establish clear guidelines for employees about the values that each project must uphold. Revised Code of Conduct The UN Global Compact’s 10 principles are also integrated into and complemented by the revised ÅF Code of Conduct. To add genuine muscle to this latest version of the code, it has now been augmented by a whistleblowing policy. If anything is wrong in a project, it is often individual co-workers who are the first to see signs of this. The new policy now means that co-workers are encouraged to report any irregularities or deviations from the UN Global Compact and/or the ÅF Code of Conduct. Sustainability assessments For ÅF, sustainability means profitability. By living up to its commitments to sustainable development, ÅF limits its vulnerability. This means, however, that every commercial opportunity related to ÅF’s consulting activities must be assessed on the basis of the new sustainability criteria. The outcome of this assessment will form the basis for a decision about whether or not to proceed with a project or assignment. These environmental and social risk assessments will be incorporated into the existing risk management system to become a natural part of all business activities. Photo: Stella Pictures In terms of sustainability, ÅF is in the front rank of technical consulting companies. ÅF’s new sustainability policy is based on the UN Global Compact’s 10 principles for businesses. Ten principles for business The new sustainability policy is based on the UN Global Compact and its 10 principles for businesses. These principles state the responsibilities a company has with regard to human rights, labour issues, the environment and anti-corruption measures. 4 GREEN ADVISOR REPORT 2 011: 0 22012-05-31T15:21:13+02:00http://ipaper.ipapercms.dk/AAFGroup/GreenAdvisorReport/GreenAdvisorReport022011/?Page=7http://ipaper.ipapercms.dk/AAFGroup/GreenAdvisorReport/GreenAdvisorReport022011/?Page=7Society Economy SUSTAINABILITY – RIGHT HERE, RIGHT NOW Sustainable development To safeguard long-term profitability, ÅF must be a sustainable business. In other words, sustainability is key to the continued existence of ÅF. This may make sustainability sound like a serious matter – but so it is! Sustainable thinking has long influenced what ÅF is, how ÅF acts and what ÅF achieves for its clients – and it will continue to do so to an increasing degree and in ways that are even more visible than they have been up to now. My job, as Director of Sustainability at ÅF, is to develop, use and evaluate a variety of tools to adapt the ways in which ÅF works – slowly but surely and with the help of our many process owners and managers – to make sure that the company acts more sustainably in all that it does. This involves everything from making our own internal routines more efficient to improving the way we evaluate risks when preparing tenders. I also spend time working closely with the company’s owners and investors. ÅF’s risks are their risks. ÅF’s success is their success. Alice Bah Kuhnke, Director of Sustainability Environment The ecological dimension sets the limits for what nature can tolerate, the social dimension focuses on each individual’s human rights, while an economically sustainable society meets each individual’s basic needs without depleting nature’s finite resources as a result of our way of life. SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT The concept of “sustainable development” launched in the early 1980s, describes development that “meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs”. In 1987 the World Commission on Environment and Development (the “Brundtland Commission”) released its “Report on Environment and Development: Our Common Future”, which did much to promote awareness of the need for sustainable social, economic and environmental development. Parallel with this, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) was established to assess the most up-to-date scientific, technical and socioeconomic research within this field. UN GLOBAL COMPACT – 10 PRINCIPLES FOR BUSINESSES Human Rights 1: Businesses should support and respect the protection of internationally proclaimed human rights; and 2: make sure that they are not complicit in human rights abuses. Labour 3: Businesses should uphold the freedom of association and the effective recognition of the right to collective bargaining; 4: the elimination of all forms of forced and compulsory labour; 5: the effective abolition of child labour; and 6: the elimination of discrimination in respect of employment and occupation. Environment 7: Businesses should support a precautionary approach to environmental challenges; 8: undertake initiatives to promote greater environmental responsibility; and 9: encourage the development and diffusion of environmentally friendly technologies. Anti-Corruption 10: Businesses should work against corruption in all its forms, including extortion and bribery. GREEN ADVISOR REPORT 2 011: 0 2 52012-05-31T15:21:13+02:00http://ipaper.ipapercms.dk/AAFGroup/GreenAdvisorReport/GreenAdvisorReport022011/?Page=8http://ipaper.ipapercms.dk/AAFGroup/GreenAdvisorReport/GreenAdvisorReport022011/?Page=8INTRODUCTION To the reader This Green Advisor Report presents a cross-section of just of few of the thousands of projects in which ÅF is involved. Although the projects themselves differ in almost every way imaginable, broadly speaking they fall into one of three main categories: studies, realisation projects and improvement projects. Studies Certain projects undertaken to meet a client’s strategic needs are purely analytical in nature. Typically, these are assignments performed for senior management in a company, or for government ministries and national agencies. In our Green Advisor Reports we classify such projects as studies. Realisation projects Other projects include both the analysis and realisation phases: for example, the project planning and construction of a new combined heat and power plant. We classify these as realisation projects. Improvement projects Finally, there are projects that result in some kind of improvement, such as increased energy efficiency or improved safety. We classify these as improvement projects. Energy use and the effect of changed behaviour E Energy use 1h 1 1,000 kilometres 24h 1 MWh provides enough energy to run a normal sized conventional car for 1,000 kilometres. (1 MWh = 1,000 kWh) 2 months 1 TWh is the amount of electricity generated by a large nuclear power station operating at full capacity for two months. (1 TWh = 1,000,000,000 kWh) 1 kWh is the amount of energy that is needed to heat a stove plate for one hour. 1 GWh is the energy used by a medium sized town during one full day. (1 GWh = 1,000,000 kWh) Reduction in CO2 emissions 60W 12W 100 1 X 10 X 10 60 tonne reduction in CO2 emissions If 100 households each replace 10 ordinary light bulbs with low-energy bulbs, this will reduce CO2 emissions by a total of approximately 60 tonnes annually. (Calculated using Nordpool energy mix conversion factor of 123g CO2/kWh for light bulbs used 3 hours a day: wattage difference 60W–12W = 48W.) Source: Examples of energy use come from the Swedish Energy Agency. The CO2 reduction data comes from Lunds Energi. 6 GREEN ADVISOR REPORT 2 011: 0 22012-05-31T15:21:13+02:00http://ipaper.ipapercms.dk/AAFGroup/GreenAdvisorReport/GreenAdvisorReport022011/?Page=9http://ipaper.ipapercms.dk/AAFGroup/GreenAdvisorReport/GreenAdvisorReport022011/?Page=9Sustainability aspects of the projects In order to make the positive impact of our consulting activities as clear and easily comprehensible as possible, we have chosen to describe the projects in this Green Advisor Report in terms of one or more of the six key indicators of sustainability listed below. The indicator “Sustainable Society” could, of course, be accurately applied to all the projects. In this report, however, it used only to describe projects that are not directly related to energy or environmental improvements. Renewable Energy This indicator signifies an assignment that deals with either pre-studies or the actual implementation of installations that use energy from renewable sources, or a project relating to a shift from fossil fuel to fuel from renewable sources. Reduction in Greenhouse Gas Emissions This indicator signifies the positive effect of realising an energy efficiency or renewable energy project, of reducing the use of energy in general, and/or of minimising the use of fossil fuels by implementing fuel conversion measures. The six greenhouse gases addressed by the Kyoto Protocol are: carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, hydrofluorocarbons, perfluorocarbons and sulphur hexafluoride. Energy Efficiency An energy efficiency project results in a reduction in overall energy use in, for example, industrial processes or buildings, compared with the situation prior to the project start. Best Available Technique “Best Available Technique” means that the most effective technology has been used to achieve the desired environmental, technological and economic effects. Pollution Free Environment This indicator signifies that the outcome of a project has other positive environmental effects than a reduction in emissions of greenhouse gases. Sustainable Society This indicator signifies other positive effects than energy efficiency or reduced environmental impact. Such assignments include measures to reduce poverty or the risk of poverty by improving access to electricity, and measures that improve the work environment, enhance safety or reduce noise. GREEN ADVISOR REPORT 2 011: 0 2 72012-05-31T15:21:13+02:00http://ipaper.ipapercms.dk/AAFGroup/GreenAdvisorReport/GreenAdvisorReport022011/?Page=10http://ipaper.ipapercms.dk/AAFGroup/GreenAdvisorReport/GreenAdvisorReport022011/?Page=10BIOGAS Renewable Energy Reduction in Greenhouse Gas Emissions Mapping microbial diversity to make biogas production more efficient Swedish biogas digesters work under different process conditions with different organic materials. The result is differences in microbial composition and production efficiency. ÅForsk is funding a project to improve understanding of the microorganisms at work in this process, which is crucial in order to optimise biogas production. Biogas is a renewable form of energy produced in a biological process where organic matter is degraded to methane and carbon dioxide by microorganisms. Microbial composition is the key Active, growing microorganisms are the key to maximising the efficiency of the biological processes involved. This means that the rate of supply of organic matter must be relatively rapid, while the rate of degradation of this matter – which ultimately results in the production of biogas – must remain consistently high. This needs to be accomplished with the shortest possible residence time for the organic matter in the biogas digesters, while constantly keeping the process stable. Towards greater efficiency Increasing understanding of the microbial composition of biogas digesters is an important stepping-stone to improving their efficiency. ÅForsk has awarded a research grant to the Department of Thematic Studies (Water and Environmental Studies) at Linköping University to help fund the department’s work to gain a deeper understanding of the microbial composition in Swedish biogas digesters. Investigation of 22 digesters The microbial compositions and process configurations of 22 full-scale Swedish biogas digesters have been investigated to identify typical patterns. The digesters treat different types of organic matter in different process configurations. DNA from organic matter in the digesters was extracted and amplified to map the genes present. Three distinct groups Subsequent research showed that the 22 digesters could be separated into three different groups based on strong correlations between the microorganisms and the organic matter in the reactors. Clearly, the characteristics of the organic matter are likely to have a significant effect on the microbial composition in the biogas digesters. Database for better design These findings will guide future in-depth research into what constitute optimal conditions for specific microorganisms in different types of organic matter. The results will be presented as a database, creating an extremely useful tool for designing more efficient biogas digesters that can produce more biogas while emitting lower levels of greenhouse gases. ÅForsk is funding a project that will ultimately optimise efficiency in Sweden’s biogas production plants by improving our understanding of microbial diversity. The biological process is performed in an oxygen-free environment in large chambers known as biogas digesters. The gas produced in this way can be used to produce heat and power, or cleaned from carbon dioxide and compressed for use as vehicle fuel. Unlike many other energy sources, biogas does not contribute to a net increase in greenhouse gas emissions. Producing biogas from waste Biogas production has developed from using relatively simple substrates (organic matter) such as manure, to more complex and energy-rich mixes such as organic industrial waste. Intensive utilisation of these energy-rich substrates may result in less stable process conditions with foaming and suboptimal use of the substrate. Photo: Energigas Sverige Swedish biogas digesters treat different types of organic matter in different process configurations. This picture shows the Svensk Biogas plant in Linköping, treating mainly slaughterhouse and industrial waste. 8 GREEN ADVISOR REPORT 2 011: 0 22012-05-31T15:21:13+02:00http://ipaper.ipapercms.dk/AAFGroup/GreenAdvisorReport/GreenAdvisorReport022011/?Page=11http://ipaper.ipapercms.dk/AAFGroup/GreenAdvisorReport/GreenAdvisorReport022011/?Page=11study realisation improvement From organic material to vehicle fuel Source: Modified from Svensk Biogas Biogas digester Biogas Buses Organic material Other vehicles WHAT IS ÅFORSK? ÅForsk (Ångpanneföreningen’s Foundation for Research and Development) was founded by Ångpanneföreningen (now ÅF) in 1983. The foundation awards grants for research activities, primarily in the fields of energy, the environment, safety, forest industry processes and materials. WHY IS ÅFORSK FUNDING THIS PROJECT? Each year ÅForsk provides financial support for some 20 or so projects researching issues that the ÅForsk board considers to be of great importance for industry or society as a whole. Global warming is one highly topical example of such an issue. The use of fossil fuels releases greenhouse gases that contribute to global warming. Replacing fossil fuels with renewable alternatives such as biogas will help reduce greenhouse gas emissions. This is why ÅForsk funded this particular project, which aims to optimise the efficiency of biogas production. For more information about the grants made by ÅForsk (Ångpanneföreningen’s Foundation for Research and Development), please see www.aforsk.se. Fertiliser Agriculture Biogas is produced when organic material is degraded in an oxygen-free (anaerobic) environment in large chambers known as biogas digesters. If cleaned from carbon dioxide, this gas can be used as vehicle fuel, for example. The remaining sludge in the digesters can often be used as fertiliser. Photo: Anna Schnürer Active methane-producing microorganisms are the key to maximising the efficiency of the biological processes involved. Professor Hans G Forsberg, Executive Member of ÅForsk Board. GREEN ADVISOR REPORT 2 011: 0 2 92012-05-31T15:21:13+02:00http://ipaper.ipapercms.dk/AAFGroup/GreenAdvisorReport/GreenAdvisorReport022011/?Page=12http://ipaper.ipapercms.dk/AAFGroup/GreenAdvisorReport/GreenAdvisorReport022011/?Page=12ÅF has been appointed sustainability coordinator for the Fullriggaren urban development project in Malmö, as part of a new initiative linking sustainable development to major construction projects. What impact will the Fullriggaren development have? The low-energy and passive buildings play a key role in Malmö’s vision of becoming a “sustainable city” by 2020. District heating and locally generated solar and small-scale windpower will help ensure Malmö uses only renewable energy and cuts greenhouse gas emissions by 40 percent from 1990 levels. How is sustainability factored into the project? The 13 building contractors have worked for two o develop a shared core of years to dge and joint referknowledge ences in the field of urban development. pment. ÅF has been commissioned ssioned to coordinate all issues es linked to sustainability. ssum Tor Fossum t Manager, Project Environment nment Department City of Malmö 10 GREEN ADVISOR REPORT 2 011: 0 22012-05-31T15:21:13+02:00http://ipaper.ipapercms.dk/AAFGroup/GreenAdvisorReport/GreenAdvisorReport022011/?Page=13http://ipaper.ipapercms.dk/AAFGroup/GreenAdvisorReport/GreenAdvisorReport022011/?Page=13GREEN ADVISOR REPORT 2 011: 0 2 112012-05-31T15:21:13+02:00http://ipaper.ipapercms.dk/AAFGroup/GreenAdvisorReport/GreenAdvisorReport022011/?Page=14http://ipaper.ipapercms.dk/AAFGroup/GreenAdvisorReport/GreenAdvisorReport022011/?Page=14SUSTAINABILITY COORDINATOR Renewable Energy Reduction in Greenhouse Gas Emissions Sustainability coordinator – a guarantee for sustainable urban development To oversee an ambitious sustainable urban development initiative, ÅF was contracted as a sustainability coordinator for the Fullriggaren neighbourhood. As a link between the City of Malmö and developers, ÅF ensures sustainability issues are addressed all the way from the drawing board to the day-to-day life of residents and business tenants. Creating a sustainable society is no easy task. However, the City of Malmö has risen to the challenge and aims to put sustainability at the top of Malmö’s residents’ agenda. Västra hamnen, a new urban neighbourhood developed since 2000, has come to symbolise Malmö’s ambitions for sustainable urban development. At the 2010 World Expo in Shanghai, Västra hamnen was presented as one example of “Urban Best Practices”. Development began with the European housing exhibition Bo01, when the area became the first in Sweden with a climate-neutral energy system supplied entirely from renewable sources. This demonstration project was followed by the Flagghusen development, a full-scale test of Bo01’s sustainable solutions and, more recently, by the ongoing Fullriggaren initiative, with homes, offices, pre-schools and multi-storey car parks. Low-energy and passive buildings Fullriggaren will be the largest energy efficient development in Sweden, with a mix of low-energy buildings1 and passive buildings. Office properties will meet the Green Building Standard, which means they are 25 percent more energy efficient than the standard requirements. Fullriggaren will also be the largest development in Sweden where organic waste is collected via waste disposers, separate pipe networks and collection tanks for producing up to 270 MWh of biogas annually (equivalent to about 30,000 litres of gasoline).2 Solar collectors will be linked to a district heating network, and electricity will be produced using solar photovoltaic cells and urban wind turbines. All residents will have access to a car pool, which is expected to As sustainability coordinator, ÅF makes sure developers building the new Fullriggaren neighbourhood in Malmö maximise every opportunity to promote sustainable urban development. Photo: Scanpix The Fullriggaren development is a pilot project, where ÅF acts as a link between the City of Malmö and the building contractors, providing expert opinions on issues concerning sustainability. 12 GREEN ADVISOR REPORT 2 011: 0 22012-05-31T15:21:13+02:00http://ipaper.ipapercms.dk/AAFGroup/GreenAdvisorReport/GreenAdvisorReport022011/?Page=15http://ipaper.ipapercms.dk/AAFGroup/GreenAdvisorReport/GreenAdvisorReport022011/?Page=15study realisation improvement reduce the number of car owners, the need for parking spots and – it is hoped – greenhouse gas emissions, too. ÅF as sustainability coordinator The developers working on Fullriggaren have contracted ÅF as a sustainability coordinator to liaise with the City of Malmö. Fullriggaren is a pilot project in this respect, where ÅF is a link between the City of Malmö and the building contractors, providing expert opinions on issues concern- ing sustainability, supporting the construction process and assisting with basic data and calculations throughout the entire project, from planning to realisation. ÅF is also responsible for checking the deliverability of agreed performances and for following up the project results. Biogas from organic waste The project will result in a significant reduction in greenhouse gas emissions. Thanks to a lower energy use and the production of heat, power and biogas from renewable sources instead of fossil fuels, carbon dioxide equivalents will be reduced by up to 940 tonne per year. The project will also help meet Sweden’s national environmental target of recovering at least 35 percent of food waste, as organic waste in the area is collected and used to produce biogas. 1) 40 percent more energy efficient than Swedish national energy requirements. Calculated with an energy density of 9,04 MWh/m3 gasoline. 2) Photo: Scanpix Västra hamnen, a new city-centre neighbourhood that has taken shape since 2000, has come to symbolise Malmö’s ambitions for sustainable urban development. GREEN ADVISOR REPORT 2 011: 0 2 132012-05-31T15:21:13+02:00http://ipaper.ipapercms.dk/AAFGroup/GreenAdvisorReport/GreenAdvisorReport022011/?Page=16http://ipaper.ipapercms.dk/AAFGroup/GreenAdvisorReport/GreenAdvisorReport022011/?Page=16SUSTAINABLE LIGHTING Best Available Technique Sustainable Society Energy efficient lighting solution wins sustainability prize The City of Helsingborg commissioned ÅF’s Lighting Department to design a lighting solution for the city’s prestigious waterfront project. The ÅF design subsequently received the IALD Award of Excellence & Sustainability for its unique blend of aesthetic appeal, technical expertise and energy efficiency. The new waterfront in Helsingborg is the result of a public competition in 2001 for the best architectural design. Although construction work started on schedule, due to the economic situation it was not completed until some five or six years later. The waterfront, which extends some kilometres from the northern harbour in the centre of Helsingborg, combines a promenade and road with recreational Waterside lighting solutions – a tough challenge It is notoriously difficult to illuminate areas adjacent to water. The design must be adapted to the natural surroundings while preserving important values such as unobstructed views of the sea and the night sky. One particularly tough challenge is to avoid unwanted reflections in the water. To meet these complex demands, the City Planning Administration commissioned specialist help from ÅF to plan and implement an innovative lighting solution for the Helsingborg waterfront. Best available technology ÅF-Lighting Department adopted its benchmark approach for innovative lighting technology solutions. In every instance, the best available and most efficient technology was used for each specific lighting task in the overall design. In addition, the need to preserve the natural qualities of the area was factored into the equation, while also creating a waterfront environment that was attractive, functional and aesthetically pleasing. For example, to emphasise the special atmosphere of the waterfront and ensure glare-free lighting, well-shielded and expertly adjusted projectors are mounted on wooden poles. In the pergolas the lighting level is controlled to match changes in natural light, using linear LED luminaries that consume only 50 W per metre. Design receives sustainability award ÅF has been awarded the prestigious Award of Excellence from the International Association of Lighting Designers (IALD), as well as the Award of Sustainability for its energy efficient lighting solutions for the Helsingborg waterfront. The Award of Excellence was given to the project because of the combination of good visual comfort and the aesthetic and poetic appeal of the lighting solution. Established in 1969, today IALD is an organisation supporting a Photo: Martin Kristiansen ÅF was awarded an international sustainability award for its lighting design for the Helsingborg waterfront, which uses the best available technology with optimum efficiency. urban spaces, service buildings, restaurants and bathing sites. The City Planning Administration in Helsingborg decided at an early stage that lighting would play a key role in the project, as lighting for public spaces has become an increasingly important concern. Lit pergola elements serves as light portals after nightfall and contribute to the contrasting mix of functional and scenographic lighting. 14 GREEN ADVISOR REPORT 2 011: 0 22012-05-31T15:21:13+02:00http://ipaper.ipapercms.dk/AAFGroup/GreenAdvisorReport/GreenAdvisorReport022011/?Page=17http://ipaper.ipapercms.dk/AAFGroup/GreenAdvisorReport/GreenAdvisorReport022011/?Page=17study realisation improvement Photo: Ulf Celander network of 800 lighting design professionals, distinguished by a unique blend of technical expertise and aesthetic achievement. The awards programme was established in 1983 to honour lighting projects that display these characteristics while simultaneously fulfilling the principles of sustainable design. ÅF is extremely proud to receive this award, which is one of the highest forms of recognition that a lighting designer can receive. A safer environment is an important aspect in the work of creating a more sustainable society. In this case, using the best available techniques and energy efficient technology also resulted in safer roads and walkways for the residents of and visitors to Helsingborg. Gobo projections with specially designed wave patterns and fibre light points, mounted on wooden poles to emphasise the maritime atmosphere of the setting. Photo: Ulf Celander Photo: Ulf Celander Gobo projections mirror urban furniture design and serve as an alternative functional lighting around seating. 548 recessed fibre light points are spread across the concrete landscape mirroring the starry sky above. GREEN ADVISOR REPORT 2 011: 0 2 152012-05-31T15:21:13+02:00http://ipaper.ipapercms.dk/AAFGroup/GreenAdvisorReport/GreenAdvisorReport022011/?Page=18http://ipaper.ipapercms.dk/AAFGroup/GreenAdvisorReport/GreenAdvisorReport022011/?Page=18ENERGY STATISTICS Energy Efficiency Best Available Technique Better energy statistics – a first step to better energy use The Swedish Energy Agency commissioned ÅF to compile statistics to improve insights into how energy is used and what it is used for in non-residential premises. The result of the study may well be a cornerstone in the process of achieving the target Sweden has set to reduce energy use in the nations’ buildings by 20 percent by 2020. One of Sweden’s sixteen national environmental quality objectives is to reduce energy used in buildings by 20 percent by 2020 and 50 percent by 2050 (compared to 1995 levels). Prior to the implementation of several EU directives in Sweden, the so-called STIL2 project was initiated to help pave the way for these directives and to analyse their anticipated effects. STIL2 provides an insight into how energy (especially electricity) is currently used in buildings and how the patterns of energy use have changed since 1990. rately for lighting, ventilation, cooling, office equipment, etc. Nearly 800 premises have been investigated in all: offices in 2005, schools in 2006, healthcare centres in 2007, sports centres in 2008, retail (from food shops to shopping centres) in 2009, and hotels, restaurants and public premises in 2010. Inexpensive energy saving measures ÅF has been responsible for project management, methodology and analysis. This includes planning and implementing the audits as well as compiling and interpreting the data. During the audits, estimates of cost-efficient energy reduction measures have been made for the buildings. These show that energy can be saved through inexpensive measures such as heat recovery and better control of lighting and ventilation installations. No need to compromise on comfort The results from STIL2 show that by replacing old lighting technology and ventilation systems and by adapting operating hours offices, schools and healthcare centres can save up to 2 TWh a year – approximately 30 percent of these premises’ current energy use – without compromising comfort. For sport centres STIL2 reveals that annual energy use can be reduced by 35 percent compared to today’s consumption of 1 TWh. Business premises can save For the Swedish Energy Agency’s STIL2 project, ÅF has inventoried energy use in buildings today, mapped changes in energy use patterns since 1990, and proposed energy saving measures. Unique methodology STIL2 is an acronym for the Swedish STatistik I Lokaler, which translates as “Statistics in premises”. The STIL2 methodology is unique, combining statistical sampling with detailed measurements and auditing procedures. One category of building is investigated each year as part of a six-year cycle to show how energy demand varies within the same category and between different categories. The level of detail is high: electricity end use is reported sepaThe results show that offices, schools and healthcare centres can reduce current energy use by up to 30 percent by replacing old lighting technology and ventilation systems and by adapting operating hours. 16 GREEN ADVISOR REPORT 2 011: 0 22012-05-31T15:21:13+02:00http://ipaper.ipapercms.dk/AAFGroup/GreenAdvisorReport/GreenAdvisorReport022011/?Page=19http://ipaper.ipapercms.dk/AAFGroup/GreenAdvisorReport/GreenAdvisorReport022011/?Page=19study realisation improvement around 20 percent by installing better lighting and ventilation technology and by refrigerating food more efficiently. This is equivalent to a saving of 35 kWh per square metre per year. STIL2 also explains the change in energy use compared with baseline figures for 1990. The comparison shows the effects of the change from oil to district heating, the mandatory inspection of ventilation systems, the introduction of more efficient light sources, and new end uses such as cooling and computers in all the various building categories. Some new measures are also proposed. ÅF has been responsible for project management, methodology and analysis, and has inventoried energy use in almost 800 premises. Energy end use in non-residential premises kWh/m2 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 1990 2005 Offices District heating District cooling 1990 2006 1990 2007 1990 2008 1990 2009 Schools Oil, gas, bio, other Electricity, heat Health care Electricity, not heat Sports facilities Retail facilities & centres Energy end use has decreased by a greater or lesser amount in all non-residential premises since 1990. The biggest reduction has been in the use of combustible energy resources (oil, gas, biomass, etc.) and in electricity for heating purposes. Electricity end use in non-residential buildings kWh/m2 180 150 120 90 60 30 0 1990 Offices Lighting Ventilation fans 2005 1990 2006 1990 2007 1990 2008 1990 2009 Schools Computers, office equipment, including servers Health care Catering, kitchen and laundry Sports facilities Cooling units Retail facilities & centres Other electricity The level of detail in the statistics is high: electricity end use for non-heating purposes is reported separately for lighting, ventilation, cooling, office equipment, etc. Although electricity end use has remained more or less unchanged, the figures show a reduction in electricity used for lighting, which is attributable to the introduction of more efficient lighting solutions. GREEN ADVISOR REPORT 2 011: 0 2 172012-05-31T15:21:13+02:00http://ipaper.ipapercms.dk/AAFGroup/GreenAdvisorReport/GreenAdvisorReport022011/?Page=20http://ipaper.ipapercms.dk/AAFGroup/GreenAdvisorReport/GreenAdvisorReport022011/?Page=20EMISSION INVENTORIES Reduction in Greenhouse Gas Emissions Verifying progress towards the Kyoto Protocol targets In Finland, facilities that emit large amounts of carbon dioxide must report their emissions to the Energy Market Authority. ÅF is accredited as a certification body that examines the data reported and verifies its correctness. In 2010 ÅF verified 29 percent of these emissions from Finnish facilities. To provide financial incentives for reducing greenhouse gas emissions, a market has been created for trading “emission allowances” within the countries of the EU. An emission allowance represents the right to emit one tonne of carbon dioxide (or an equivalent amount of other greenhouse gases). This market is based on the reductions in greenhouse gas emissions agreed in the Kyoto Protocol. An emissions limit is set for each country, which then allocates targets to its emitting facilities. This EU Emissions Trading System (EU ETS) is the key tool for cost-effective reduction of industrial greenhouse gas emissions within the EU. Operators who lack the potential or the desire to reduce their own emissions can buy an appropriate amount of emission allowances, implying that emission reductions will be made elsewhere. For several countries, these market-based systems have been an important prerequisite to signing the Kyoto Protocol and are likely to play an important role in future climate agreements. Target pegged at 1990 level By signing and ratifying the Kyoto Protocol, Finland has agreed to reduce its total emissions by some 11 million tonnes of carbon dioxide per year between 2008 and the end of 2012. The target is for annual greenhouse gas emissions not to exceed the 71 million tonnes emitted in 1990. The EU Emissions Trading Directive is now established in Finland, with the Energy Market Authority appointed as the national emissions trading authority. The Finnish Emissions Trading Act requires all facilities with a rated thermal input of more than 20 MW as well as certain smaller plants to report their emissions. Thus, approximately 530 facilities report their emissions for each calendar year to the Authority. Verification helps cut emissions As an accredited certification body, ÅF provides neutral, independent verification of the reports these facilities submit. Correct, objective verification is important in helping to cut greenhouse gas emissions, and ÅF, with its wide knowledge and undisputed independence, can play an effective part in this process. Apart from on-site inspections, the verification process includes evaluating the data reported by facility owners. Typically, this includes a monitoring plan, a description of the data collection methods, fuel data, conversion factors and a variety of other documentation. Moving closer to compliance with Kyoto One of ÅF’s largest verification clients is VAPO. This major supplier of peat operates several heat and power plants in Finland and elsewhere. In 2010, ÅF assessed 23 VAPO facilities, ranging from 1 MW to 108 MW in size. Some are heating boilers used only during peak load times. Although many had remained idle in 2010 and produced no emissions, they are still required to report and be verified. ÅF is responsible for verifying that power plants and other facilities in Finland have measured, calculated and reported their carbon dioxide emissions accurately. Finland has signed and ratified the Kyoto Protocol, thereby agreeing to reduce the total amount of the nation’s greenhouse gas emissions to the same level as in 1990. 18 GREEN ADVISOR REPORT 2 011: 0 22012-05-31T15:21:13+02:00http://ipaper.ipapercms.dk/AAFGroup/GreenAdvisorReport/GreenAdvisorReport022011/?Page=21http://ipaper.ipapercms.dk/AAFGroup/GreenAdvisorReport/GreenAdvisorReport022011/?Page=21study realisation improvement Thanks to the objective verification of emissions carried out by ÅF, VAPO could comply with the demands set in the Emissions Trading Act and report its greenhouse gas emissions correctly to the Energy Market Authority. Verified information on greenhouse gas emissions from the nation’s major energy facilities brings Finland one step closer to meeting its Kyoto Protocol obligations. ÅF has verified almost one third of the reported ETS emissions from facilities in Finland. Emission changes in EU and OECD countries 1990–2007 % 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 –20 –40 Switzerland Korea Netherlands Norway USA Czech Republic Luxembourg Slovak Republic United Kingdom New Zealand Total OECD Japan Canada Finland Sweden Denmark Germany Australia Belgium Greece Portugal Austria France Poland Spain Italy Turkey Ireland Hungary Mexico Iceland EU-27 Source: Energiläget i siffror, 2010. The emission reductions agreed in the Kyoto Protocol are set in comparison to 1990 levels. This graph shows the change in emissions for a number of European Union and OECD countries between 1990 and 2007. GREEN ADVISOR REPORT 2 011: 0 2 192012-05-31T15:21:13+02:00http://ipaper.ipapercms.dk/AAFGroup/GreenAdvisorReport/GreenAdvisorReport022011/?Page=22http://ipaper.ipapercms.dk/AAFGroup/GreenAdvisorReport/GreenAdvisorReport022011/?Page=2220 GREEN ADVISOR REPORT 2 011: 0 22012-05-31T15:21:13+02:00http://ipaper.ipapercms.dk/AAFGroup/GreenAdvisorReport/GreenAdvisorReport022011/?Page=23http://ipaper.ipapercms.dk/AAFGroup/GreenAdvisorReport/GreenAdvisorReport022011/?Page=23Minol and ÅF have created a smartphone application to give apartment residents access to data relating to their energy use. How will your new application affect customers’ energy use? To change consumer behaviour, we need to make it easy to access information about personal energy use. Our application meets this need. Where did inspiration for this application come from? It was ÅF’s idea. ÅF has been working with us on energy-measuring services for many years. What is the potential for individual water and energy metering in apartments? Virtually all new apartments have some form of metering, and most major property companies and housing cooperatives have begun installing meters. The potential this has for saving energy and allocating costs more fairly is huge. Lars-Olof Palm Chief Executive Officer Minol Mätteknik AB2012-05-31T15:21:13+02:00http://ipaper.ipapercms.dk/AAFGroup/GreenAdvisorReport/GreenAdvisorReport022011/?Page=24http://ipaper.ipapercms.dk/AAFGroup/GreenAdvisorReport/GreenAdvisorReport022011/?Page=24SMARTPHONE APPLICATIONS Energy Efficiency Smartphone applications that help reduce energy use Greater awareness of their actual use of resources often motivates people to reduce consumption. Minol submeters help apartment residents to monitor their heating and water use. Now ÅF has developed a smartphone application to give users easy access to up-to-date details of their consumption patterns. Energy use in buildings – for heating, cooling, lighting, cooking and powering all manner of electronic devices – accounts for a significant share of global energy consumption. According to the World Resources Institute (WRI), energy use in residential and commercial buildings constitutes around 40 percent of global energy consumption and generates approximately 24 percent of global greenhouse gas emissions. Heating, cooling and lighting together make up the lion’s share of this energy use. Clearly, the potential for saving energy is huge, and one of many ways in which this can be achieved is through a change in consumer behaviour, by making consumers aware of their actual energy use. Submetering raises awareness In Swedish apartment blocks it is common to divide the total cost of heating space and water in the building equally between residents without any attention to individual consumption patterns. A lack of awareness of their actual energy consumption can easily lead individuals to use more resources than they need. Minol is a German company with worldwide operations that supplies so-called “submetering” solutions. These make it possible to measure the actual use of heating and heated water in individual apartments and thus to allocate the costs for these services directly back to the resident. Meters are installed in each apartment, readings are recorded using a .NET application and stored in an SQL database. Communication between meters and applications is via the mobile network. Individual billing reduces consumption ÅF is contracted by Minol in Sweden to assume responsibility for the database and the portal used to communicate energy use data to consumers. Consumers can access this information and follow changes in their consumption patterns via a web page with a personal log-in code. Several research projects have shown that energy use for space heating falls by 10–20 percent and for hot water by 15–30 percent when consumers are billed individually for these services. Photo: Minol Mätteknik AB Minol and ÅF have created a smartphone application to give apartment residents access to data relating to their energy use. Metering the energy used to heat space and water in each apartment and billing consumers individually has been shown to reduce overall energy use substantially. 22 GREEN ADVISOR REPORT 2 011: 0 22012-05-31T15:21:13+02:00http://ipaper.ipapercms.dk/AAFGroup/GreenAdvisorReport/GreenAdvisorReport022011/?Page=25http://ipaper.ipapercms.dk/AAFGroup/GreenAdvisorReport/GreenAdvisorReport022011/?Page=25study realisation improvement Quick feedback spurs change in behaviour To facilitate access to the data and give users an opportunity to monitor their energy consumption, ÅF linked the database to smartphone applications through a web service interface. Minor adjustments were made to the metering, so that daily values could be generated for each customer, thus providing quick feedback to make clear the connection between changes in behaviour and actual energy use. Technically it is possible to account for measurements every 15 minutes or even in real time, but to protect users’ personal integrity Minol has chosen to present information in the form of daily readings. The application will soon be available for Iphones and Androids. It is hoped that this tool will motivate Minol customers to reassess their behaviour and make more efficient use of energy. The incentive is not only a smaller bill at the end of the month, but also the satisfaction of playing a part in the move towards a more sustainable society. A smartphone application developed by ÅF and Minol enables apartment residents to monitor their energy use by means of daily readings. GREEN ADVISOR REPORT 2 011: 0 2 232012-05-31T15:21:13+02:00http://ipaper.ipapercms.dk/AAFGroup/GreenAdvisorReport/GreenAdvisorReport022011/?Page=26http://ipaper.ipapercms.dk/AAFGroup/GreenAdvisorReport/GreenAdvisorReport022011/?Page=26PLANT OPTIMISATION Reduction in Greenhouse Gas Emissions Energy Efficiency Advanced control systems for power plants Growing demand for action in reducing greenhouse gas emissions has led to a quest for better control and optimisation strategies in heat and power plants. ÅF has developed advanced concepts for optimising and controlling combustion processes without timeconsuming tuning procedures. Large, complex facilities with high energy demands need sophisticated control systems to ensure the most efficient use of resources. Over a long time period, even small flaws can lead to huge, unnecessary losses in income and resources. Balance+ boiler control concept ÅF has more than 20 years’ experience of process control across a wide range of industries, including chemical processing, paper mills and a broad spectrum of heat and power plants. One of the products that ÅF has developed during this time is a boiler main control package, a concept called Balance+. Fine-tuning plant operation The essence of Balance+ is its processbased calculation models. Any disturbances to a process within a facility are measured directly or indirectly, and the model automatically calculates the control adjustments required to react to these disturbances. Implementing Balance+, including stabilisation of boiler water balance, steam temperatures and the combustion process, improves the operation of the plant in many ways. For example, the process of starting up solid fuel boilers can be speeded up when any problems are quickly detected, and the amount of oil required for start-up will be reduced. This improves the fuel utilisation rate and increases overall plant efficiency – all of which contributes to a reduction in greenhouse gas emissions. Used in large, complex plants The Balance+ system developed by ÅF is already in use in several plants all over Europe, including the world’s largest biomass-fired fluidised-bed (CFB) boiler at Alholmens Kraft Unit 2 in Finland, with a thermal output of 550 MW. Other examples are Foster Wheeler’s boiler plant in Łagisza, Poland, with an electrical output of 460 MW and the E.ON 85 MW waste fuel boiler in Norrköping, Sweden. Simplified operation Stora Enso’s pulp and paper mill in Hylte, Sweden, has been operating for more than a hundred years, mainly producing paper for newspapers. The power plant at the mill Stora Enso has improved gas boiler performance at its Hylte plant with Balance+ software, specially developed by ÅF to optimise heat and power plant control and reduce the use of resources. Balance+ ÅF has many years’ experience of process control across a broad spectrum of industries. 24 GREEN ADVISOR REPORT 2 011: 0 22012-05-31T15:21:13+02:00http://ipaper.ipapercms.dk/AAFGroup/GreenAdvisorReport/GreenAdvisorReport022011/?Page=27http://ipaper.ipapercms.dk/AAFGroup/GreenAdvisorReport/GreenAdvisorReport022011/?Page=27study realisation improvement has recently undergone extensive renovation and reconstruction work. Among ÅF’s most significant contributions to this work are the upgrade and improvement of the control system by implementing Balance+ in one of the gas boilers. Anticipated benefits include energy savings and simpler operation of the boiler. Balance+ helps guarantee stable boiler operation, and the control system is also capable of reacting to fast load changes, thus providing optimised steam production and energy generation. Saving resources, cutting costs Balance+ leads to savings in both resources and costs, mostly by helping to reduce the number of boiler trips and increasing operating hours, but also by improving boiler efficiency. The simplicity of the system and the reduction in operational disturbances also improve the working environment. The Balance+ control package developed by ÅF has been implemented at the Stora Enso pulp and paper mill in Hylte, Sweden. Photo: Stella Pictures The Balance+ control package can be used to optimise pulp and paper mill operations, thus increasing plant efficiency and saving energy. GREEN ADVISOR REPORT 2 011: 0 2 252012-05-31T15:21:13+02:00http://ipaper.ipapercms.dk/AAFGroup/GreenAdvisorReport/GreenAdvisorReport022011/?Page=28http://ipaper.ipapercms.dk/AAFGroup/GreenAdvisorReport/GreenAdvisorReport022011/?Page=28SECURE POWER SUPPLY Reduction in Greenhouse Gas Emissions Energy Efficiency Sustainable Society Efficient new cogeneration plant – more electricity, fewer emissions Recent years have seen a power shortage in the Astrakhan power grid in southern Russia. Now ÅF, as the owner’s engineer, is supervising the work of building a highly efficient co-generation combined cycle gas turbine plant that will help secure electricity supplies in the region. in recent years the shortage of electricity in southern russia’s Astrakhan power grid has fluctuated from 5–14 percent. to minimise the problem, power has been imported from the neighbouring volgograd region. However, the capacity of the transmission line from volgograd is insufficient to guarantee coverage of the shortfall. Improving security of supply to meet the risk of even greater power shortfalls in the future, the investment company JsC GC-4 with support from Astrakhan’s regional Government, is implementing the construction of a cogeneration combined cycle gas turbine (CCGt) plant fuelled by natural gas. When completed, the installed electric capacity of the CCGt plant will be 44 MW. this covers roughly 25 percent of the region’s power deficit and will, therefore, significantly improve the security of supplies. the plant will be located in Znamensk in the north of the Astrakhan region. Super-efficient new technology Most electrical power in russia is generated by inefficient steam turbine plants. in recent years there has been a trend towards building cogeneration power plants using advanced technologies. Most of these are CCGt plants that are not only more efficient in terms of fuel to electricity production, but also produce heat, which means that they achieve very high levels of overall plant efficiency. the electrical efficiency of CCGt plants can be as high as around 55 percent, compared to just 28–33 percent for conventional steam power plants. replacing steam power plants with CCGt plants will significantly reduce carbon dioxide emissions. A CCGt plant fuelled by natural gas could cut carbon dioxide emissions by as much as 40 percent compared to a conventional steam power plant that also uses natural gas to produce the same amount of electricity. Owner’s Engineer the investor chose ÅF to supervise the construction of the power plant. As the owner’s engineer, ÅF is responsible for the supervision of everything from design engineering through construction to installation ÅF is helping to secure the Astrakhan region’s electricity needs with an efficient new CCGT plant in Znamensk, Russia. Increased need for electricity in the wake of the global financial crisis, there has been a decline in overall power consumption in russia, but consumption is expected to rise again once the effects of the crisis have subsided. in the Astrakhan region, however, there has actually been a small increase in power consumption over the past few years. this suggests that the region’s electricity shortage will not only continue, but is even likely to increase in the near future. As the owner’s engineer, ÅF is responsible for the supervision of everything from design engineering through construction to installation and commissioning of the new combined cycle gas turbine (CCGT) plant. 26 Green Advisor report 2 011: 0 22012-05-31T15:21:13+02:00http://ipaper.ipapercms.dk/AAFGroup/GreenAdvisorReport/GreenAdvisorReport022011/?Page=29http://ipaper.ipapercms.dk/AAFGroup/GreenAdvisorReport/GreenAdvisorReport022011/?Page=29SECURE POWER SUPPLY Reduction in Greenhouse Gas Emissions Energy Efficiency Sustainable Society Efficient new cogeneration plant – more electricity, fewer emissions Recent years have seen a power shortage in the Astrakhan power grid in southern Russia. Now ÅF, as the owner’s engineer, is supervising the work of building a highly efficient co-generation combined cycle gas turbine plant that will help secure electricity supplies in the region. In recent years the shortage of electricity in southern Russia’s Astrakhan power grid has fluctuated from 5–14 percent. To minimise the problem, power has been imported from the neighbouring Volgograd region. However, the capacity of the transmission line from Volgograd is insufficient to guarantee coverage of the shortfall. Improving security of supply To meet the risk of even greater power shortfalls in the future, the investment company JSC G-4 with support from Astrakhan’s Regional Government, is implementing the construction of a cogeneration combined cycle gas turbine (CCGT) plant fuelled by natural gas. When completed, the installed electric capacity of the CCGT plant will be 44 MW. This covers roughly 25 percent of the region’s power deficit and will, therefore, significantly improve the security of supplies. The plant will be located in Znamensk in the north of the Astrakhan region. Super-efficient new technology Most electrical power in Russia is generated by inefficient steam turbine plants. In recent years there has been a trend towards building cogeneration power plants using advanced technologies. Most of these are CCGT plants that are not only more efficient in terms of fuel to electricity production, but also produce heat, which means that they achieve very high levels of overall plant efficiency. The electrical efficiency of CCGT plants can be as high as around 55 percent, compared to just 28–33 percent for conventional steam power plants. Replacing steam power plants with CCGT plants will significantly reduce carbon dioxide emissions. A CCGT plant fuelled by natural gas could cut carbon dioxide emissions by as much as 40 percent compared to a conventional steam power plant that also uses natural gas to produce the same amount of electricity. Owner’s Engineer The investor chose ÅF to supervise the construction of the power plant. As the owner’s engineer, ÅF is responsible for the supervision of everything from design engineering through construction to installation ÅF is helping to secure the Astrakhan region’s electricity needs with an efficient new CCGT plant in Znamensk, Russia. Increased need for electricity In the wake of the global financial crisis, there has been a decline in overall power consumption in Russia, but consumption is expected to rise again once the effects of the crisis have subsided. In the Astrakhan region, however, there has actually been a small increase in power consumption over the past few years. This suggests that the region’s electricity shortage will not only continue, but is even likely to increase in the near future. As the owner’s engineer, ÅF is responsible for the supervision of everything from design engineering through construction to installation and commissioning of the new combined cycle gas turbine (CCGT) plant. 26 GREEN ADVISOR REPORT 2 011: 0 22012-05-31T15:21:13+02:00http://ipaper.ipapercms.dk/AAFGroup/GreenAdvisorReport/GreenAdvisorReport022011/?Page=30http://ipaper.ipapercms.dk/AAFGroup/GreenAdvisorReport/GreenAdvisorReport022011/?Page=30study realisation improvement and commissioning. The assignment also includes procurement, scheduling and financial supervision. Reduced greenhouse gas emissions The ÅF team consists of a manager and four experts who have been working on the project since 2010. ÅF is proud to participate in the Znamensk CCGT project, which will not only bring economic benefits to the Astrakhan region and to Russia, but also increase the security of the electricity supply while reducing greenhouse gas emissions. To meet the risk of power shortfalls in the future, the Astrakhan Regional Government is supporting the construction of a cogeneration combined cycle gas turbine (CCGT) plant fuelled by natural gas. Znamensk ASTRAKHAN ZNAMENSK Znamensk is a “closed town” located in the Astrakhan region of Russia. In the former Soviet Union and certain of its successor countries, a closed town was a settlement with travel and residency restrictions. In modern Russia, such places are officially known as “closed administrative-territorial formations”. Closed towns were established from the late 1940s onwards and fall under two categories: small communities with sensitive military, industrial or scientific facilities, and border towns that were closed for security purposes. GREEN ADVISOR REPORT 2 011: 0 2 272012-05-31T15:21:13+02:00http://ipaper.ipapercms.dk/AAFGroup/GreenAdvisorReport/GreenAdvisorReport022011/?Page=31http://ipaper.ipapercms.dk/AAFGroup/GreenAdvisorReport/GreenAdvisorReport022011/?Page=31RENEWABLE HEAT AND POWER Renewable Energy Reduction in Greenhouse Gas Emissions Replacing fossil fuels with renewables ÅF shouldered the role of EPCM consultant when Fortum was building a CHP plant in Pärnu, Estonia. Using renewable energy sources, the new plant will replace oil and gas-fuelled heat and power plants, reduce the nation’s dependence on imported fossil fuels and cut greenhouse gas emissions. Securing a safe, sustainable and environmentally friendly energy supply is one of the most important challenges for the 21st century. There are two underlying reasons for this: society needs to prevent environmental pollution and also to reverse global warming by reducing greenhouse gas emissions. This means building the right kind of heat and power plants in cities where demand for energy is soaring, and cutting greenhouse gas emissions by replacing fossil fuels with alternatives from renewable sources of energy. plants supply. However, in order to reduce reliance on these facilities, the construction of new heat and power plants has been accorded increasing importance in recent years. Locally produced biomass Fortum has recently completed the construction of a large combined heat and power (CHP) plant in Pärnu that will significantly reduce the city’s dependence on power supplies from Narva. Most of the fuel for the plant will come from locally produced biomass, such as wood chips and wood residues. To secure the fuel supply, peat1) will be used when biomass is not available. It is anticipated that peat will account for around 10 percent of the total fuel used. The new plant is highly efficient and, by meeting energy needs with biomass rather than oil and gas, it will make a significant contribution to cutting greenhouse gas emissions. Benefiting local companies The plant, which was officially opened on 28 January 2011, will also benefit the local environment, not only by meeting local demand for heating, but also by providing work opportunities for local fuel companies. The heating capacity of the plant is 50 MW; the capacity for electricity production is 24 MW. Overall efficiency of the plant is 90 percent. Planned annual heating and electricity production has been estimated at 220 GWh and 110 GWh respectively. Prizewinning engineering On the strength of ÅF’s track record and reputation as a leading technical consultant for power plants in Europe, ÅF was contracted as the EPCM consultant (Engineering, Procurement and Construction Management). The work involved supervising and coordinating all consulting activities including engineering, procurement, cost control, design review, and oversee- ÅF was EPCM consultant for Fortum’s new CHP plant in Estonia. The plant heralds a significant reduction in the nation’s greenhouse gas emissions. Reducing dependence on oil shale In Estonia oil shale, mined in Narva in the north-east of the country, is the most widely used fuel for heat and power production. The nation’s principal power plants are located in Narva, and Estonians are highly dependent on the energy these ÅF was assigned as EPCM consultant and awarded a prize for the best engineering achivement of the year by the Estonian Power and Heat Association. 28 GREEN ADVISOR REPORT 2 011: 0 22012-05-31T15:21:13+02:00http://ipaper.ipapercms.dk/AAFGroup/GreenAdvisorReport/GreenAdvisorReport022011/?Page=32http://ipaper.ipapercms.dk/AAFGroup/GreenAdvisorReport/GreenAdvisorReport022011/?Page=32study realisation improvement ing the manufacturing, erection and commissioning phases, in particular for the steam boiler, auxiliary boiler plant, steam turbine generator and solid fuel handling system. On the successful completion of this wide-ranging undertaking, ÅF was awarded a prize for “Best Engineering Achievement of the Year” by the Estonian Power and Heat Association. 1) Peat consists mainly of plants that have decayed in an oxygen-poor environment. This process takes thousands of years. Peat is not considered to be bioenergy, though some argue that it should be considered as “slowly renewable”. In the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), as well as the EU emission trading system (EU ETS), peat is not regarded as a renewable source of energy. In the Swedish electricity certificate system, however, companies producing electricity from peat may be awarded saleable credits. Moreover, burning peat in combination with biomass has sometimes been shown to have positive effects on the combustion process. The Pärnu CHP plant utilises mainly renewable fuels, thus reducing dependency on fossil energy. Photo: Fortum Eesti AS HOW DO THE CITIZENS OF PÄRNU BENEFIT FROM THIS PROJECT? New, long-term investments in modern technology and the use of local fuels mean that prices for heating in Pärnu are more competitive and more stable. The new plant also creates new jobs. Indirectly the CHP plant provides work for 300 people as a consequence of using locally sourced fuels. Margo Külaots, Fortum Eesti AS, Chairman of the Management Board. Electricity generated from renewable energy sources in Estonia % 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Source: www.stat.se In Estonia, the construction of new heat and power plants fuelled with locally produced biomass, a renewable energy source, has been increasingly important in order to reduce dependence on the oil shale-fuelled plants in the north-east of the country, and to reduce emissions in greenhouse gases. GREEN ADVISOR REPORT 2 011: 0 2 292012-05-31T15:21:13+02:00http://ipaper.ipapercms.dk/AAFGroup/GreenAdvisorReport/GreenAdvisorReport022011/?Page=33http://ipaper.ipapercms.dk/AAFGroup/GreenAdvisorReport/GreenAdvisorReport022011/?Page=3330 GREEN ADVISOR REPORT 2 011: 0 22012-05-31T15:21:13+02:00http://ipaper.ipapercms.dk/AAFGroup/GreenAdvisorReport/GreenAdvisorReport022011/?Page=34http://ipaper.ipapercms.dk/AAFGroup/GreenAdvisorReport/GreenAdvisorReport022011/?Page=34ÅF identified requirements for electric motors in different countries to make sure DeLaval’s products comply with national legislation and meet environmental expectations. What prompted you to work with energy efficiency at DeLaval? Cost-consciousness and corporate social responsibility. Rising energy prices encourage customers to focus more on total costs over a product’s life cycle. Ecodesign reduces product life cycle costs. Why did you ask ÅF for help? We’ve cooperated with ÅF many times before, so it was a natural choice for us. It’s a difficult assignment and ÅF had the best competence. oes this project contribute to sustainHow does evelopment? able development? les us to reduce our products’ It enables overall energy consumption. Tord Ringenhall ngenhall Assortment ment Manager, Milk Room Conventional ntional Milking Systems DeLaval al GREEN ADVISOR REPORT Photo: Björn Qvarfordt 2 011: 0 2 312012-05-31T15:21:13+02:00http://ipaper.ipapercms.dk/AAFGroup/GreenAdvisorReport/GreenAdvisorReport022011/?Page=35http://ipaper.ipapercms.dk/AAFGroup/GreenAdvisorReport/GreenAdvisorReport022011/?Page=35ECO DESIGN Reduction in Greenhouse Gas Emissions Energy Efficiency Best Available Technique Efficient electric motors When marketing products globally, it is crucial to adapt them to local requirements. That’s why dairy equipment supplier DeLaval commissioned ÅF to make inventory energy efficiency requirements for electric motors in its key markets. Efficient energy use is one way a company can work towards a more sustainable society. Approximately 30 million new electric motors are sold each year for industrial purposes and some 300 million motors are in use in industry and large buildings. These electric motors consume approximately 40 percent of the global electricity used to drive pumps, fans, compressors and other mechanical traction equipment. Given the substantial amount of energy used, there is huge potential to save energy by developing products that are more energy efficient. Tougher energy efficiency criteria In July 2009, the European Commission (EC) adopted regulation No 640/2009 for ecodesign requirements for electric motors. The first such requirement came into effect on 16 June 2011. An investigation conducted by the EC showed that earlier requirements were too modest compared with other major markets, such as USA, Australia and Brazil. Several Swedish companies believe the new requirements will help maintain and even boost the global competiveness of European industry. Corporate social responsibility Efficient energy use is also a corporate social responsibility and part of the process of moving towards a more sustainable society. Moreover, energy-efficient solutions reduce not only the use of resources, but also the running costs for energy-intensive equipment. Correct information is crucial DeLaval is a full-service supplier for dairy farmers, offering equipment, service and consulting advice. Many of the company’s products and solutions have integrated electric motors, but the requirements for these motors and the standards they must comply with vary from country to country. To manage this situation DeLaval has a comprehensive overview of the criteria governing efficiency testing methods, labelling, compliance deadlines, etc. in its key markets. ÅF identified requirements for electric motors in different countries to make sure DeLaval’s products comply with national legislation and meet environmental expectations. Photo: Björn Qvarfordt 32 GREEN ADVISOR REPORT 2 011: 0 22012-05-31T15:21:13+02:00http://ipaper.ipapercms.dk/AAFGroup/GreenAdvisorReport/GreenAdvisorReport022011/?Page=36http://ipaper.ipapercms.dk/AAFGroup/GreenAdvisorReport/GreenAdvisorReport022011/?Page=36study realisation improvement Photo: Björn Qvarfordt Differing national standards ÅF was commissioned by DeLaval to carry out a study to identify the different energy efficiency standards for three-phase motors in key markets. Compliance with national requirements is essential. To identify the requirements, ÅF first assessed the key regulatory texts in these markets and then analysed them in conjunction with the specific standards to which they refer. Efficient energy use is part of the process of moving towards a more sustainable society. Photo: Björn Qvarfordt Photo: Björn Qvarfordt DeLaval is a full-service supplier for dairy farmers. The company sees efficient energy use as part of its corporate social responsibility. ÅF carried out a study to identify different energy efficiency standards for three-phase motors in DeLaval’s key markets. GREEN ADVISOR REPORT 2 011: 0 2 332012-05-31T15:21:13+02:00http://ipaper.ipapercms.dk/AAFGroup/GreenAdvisorReport/GreenAdvisorReport022011/?Page=37http://ipaper.ipapercms.dk/AAFGroup/GreenAdvisorReport/GreenAdvisorReport022011/?Page=37EMISSION MONITORING Pollution Free Environment Sustainable Society Monitoring and controlling environmental emissions data from Boliden’s mines The computerised production data system iPAK developed by ÅF has made Boliden’s work of monitoring, evaluating and reporting data about environmentally regulated substances from its mining operations to the authorities easier and more efficient. Boliden is a European metals company (primarily zinc and copper) whose main operations are mines and smelters. Metals and minerals occur naturally and have been mined since the dawn of civilisation. However, the mining industry can potentially have a huge impact both on its immediate surroundings and on the natural environment as a whole. So the environmental requirements set by the authorities and by Boliden itself are stringent. heavy metals, conductivity, pH and acidity, but also flow rates in rivers and streams. This is important, as flow rates have a direct effect on the amount of potentially hazardous materials released into the environment. In a sustainable society, the mining industry must focus on minimising emissions of such substances. This is why emissions are measured, analysed and monitored at Boliden. The iPAK system developed by ÅF has made the work of monitoring, evaluating and reporting data easier and more efficient. The iPAK system is used in various industries to determine production efficiency and collect and analyse information. Its capacity to manage large quantities of data and present the results in a clear and logical form means that iPAK plays a key role in many companies’ environmental work. A customised solution Working closely with environmental coordinators at Boliden and staff who will ultimately use the system, ÅF has tailored iPAK to optimise Boliden’s work of monitoring emissions. Measuring criteria have been assigned, calculation algorithms utilising iPAK’s integral online calculation function have been developed, and reporting requirements – internally and to the authorities – have been identified. As project manager, ÅF recommended a structural layout for the system, based on ÅF’s extensive knowledge of and expertise in iPAK. ÅF also incorporated a range of useful technical details into the system. Efficient reporting and evaluation Easier access to information about emissions has made mandatory environmental reporting activities at Boliden much more efficient. Photo: Boliden Boliden uses iPak, a computerised production data system developed by ÅF, to make sure that key environmental data from the company’s mining activities are reliably stored and efficiently reported to the authorities. Tough mandatory requirements The authorities impose strict requirements on mining companies to control potentially hazardous emissions from mining operations. Checks are carried out at Boliden’s active mines. Even when mining operations are discontinued, it is important to continue monitoring to ensure that potentially polluted areas are not left unsupervised. Monitoring emissions Boliden uses a computer program to monitor substances in the ground, air and water that can impact on the environment and affect people’s health. Boliden not only monitors emissions from metal production, Work to check emissions of hazardous materials is carried out at Boliden’s active mines. 34 GREEN ADVISOR REPORT 2 011: 0 22012-05-31T15:21:13+02:00http://ipaper.ipapercms.dk/AAFGroup/GreenAdvisorReport/GreenAdvisorReport022011/?Page=38http://ipaper.ipapercms.dk/AAFGroup/GreenAdvisorReport/GreenAdvisorReport022011/?Page=38study realisation improvement Photo: Boliden Most important of all, however, are methods for evaluating data in order to identify key parameters for environmental impact. This is the first step towards minimising negative impact. Using iPAK makes it possible to collate all data in one database and to link evaluation tools to this database. This is a key element in meeting Boliden’s obligation to comply with the stringent requirements. Thanks to iPAK, it has even proved possible to produce forecasts of, for example, the effect of increased production volumes, so that any necessary environmental measures can be planned ahead of time. This is vital for Boliden when planning its future environmental work. In a sustainable society the mining industry must focus on minimising emissions of potentially hazardous materials. Photo: Boliden THE MINING INDUSTRY Mining is the extraction of valuable minerals from the earth, usually from an ore body. Mining has played an important part in the development of society since the dawn of civilisation. Stone, clay and, later, metals have been mined to make tools, weapons, etc. Commodities mined today include base metals such as iron and copper, and precious metals such as gold, silver and platinum. Like most industries, mining can have a negative impact on the environment in the form of, for example, scars on the landscape and increased greenhouse gas emissions from industrial processes. In a sustainable society the mining industry must find cost-effective ways to minimise its environmental impact. The computerised production data system iPAK, developed by ÅF, has helped Boliden meet its obligations to report emissions from the company’s mining operations. GREEN ADVISOR REPORT 2 011: 0 2 352012-05-31T15:21:13+02:00http://ipaper.ipapercms.dk/AAFGroup/GreenAdvisorReport/GreenAdvisorReport022011/?Page=39http://ipaper.ipapercms.dk/AAFGroup/GreenAdvisorReport/GreenAdvisorReport022011/?Page=39OZONE GENERATION Reduction in Greenhouse Gas Emissions Energy Efficiency Pollution Free Environment More efficient ozone generation cuts cost of treating water Ozone can be used to purify water in an eco-friendly, chlorine-free process. Now a new, super-efficient ozone generator from Primozone Production AB makes cleaning water with ozone easier and cheaper than ever. ÅF has helped develop a sophisticated control system that is part of the energy-saving process. Ozone is a gas that most people associate with the layer in the Earth’s atmosphere that absorbs ultraviolet light and the efforts made in recent years to prevent human activities from depleting this layer. However, besides protecting us from ultraviolet radiation, ozone is useful for cleaning water and is widely used for treating drinking water and waste water, as well as in the pharmaceutical, food and beverage, aquaculture and pulp and paper industries. Ozone is made up of oxygen atoms. It is a highly unstable gas that reacts readily with other substances and then decays back to oxygen. This instability makes producing ozone commercially a complicated process and one that traditionally has been very energy intensive. amount of oxygen used and optimises the concentration of ozone per volume of oxygen. As the production of oxygen is an energy-intensive process, saving oxygen saves a lot of energy. ÅF has been working with Primozone for several years to help develop the control system for the new ozone generators and the software that the generators use. This software is important for the efficiency of the system, but also for the user-friendliness and to ensure that users obtain the best possible yield. Highly concentrated product The ozone produced by the Primozone generator is more concentrated than other commercially available alternatives. This makes the equipment ideal for treating drinking water and wastewater, where the technique can be used instead of chlorine and other strong chemicals thus helping to reduce pollution. Chlorine used for water treatment tends to react and forms toxic substances such as phenols or trihalomethanes that can harm aquatic life. Quick, compact and convenient When ozone is dissolved in water, it reacts with other substances that are present. This is useful for treating water as ozone is highly efficient in eliminating microorganisms such as fungus, bacteria and viruses. Ozone is twice as reactive as chlorine, and the high concentration of ozone produced in the Primozone generator gives a high dissolution rate. Tests have shown that 98 percent of the ozone is dissolved in less than three minutes, which is a significant time saving compared to other treatment Photo: Stella Pictures New, highly efficient technology for generating ozone could lead to a breakthrough in safe, sustainable water purification techniques. New ozone generation technology Primozone Production AB has developed an ozone generator that is much more efficient than traditional ozone producing technologies. A highly sophisticated control and regulation system minimises the Ozone can be used to purify drinking water and, thanks to an efficient new generator from Primozone Production AB, ozone can now be produced with less energy. 36 GREEN ADVISOR REPORT 2 011: 0 22012-05-31T15:21:13+02:00http://ipaper.ipapercms.dk/AAFGroup/GreenAdvisorReport/GreenAdvisorReport022011/?Page=40http://ipaper.ipapercms.dk/AAFGroup/GreenAdvisorReport/GreenAdvisorReport022011/?Page=40study realisation improvement methods. The generator is also much smaller than conventional equipment, which makes it easier to transport and use at various locations. Up to 70 percent more efficient The Primozone technique is up to 70 percent more energy efficient than traditional ozone generators. The sophisticated control system, developed in collaboration with ÅF, plays an important role for the energy saving capacity of this technique. If the use of ozone increases, this invention has the potential to save large amounts of resources, energy and chemicals, thus making a crucial contribution towards a more sustainable society. Total energy consumption = oxygen generation + ozone generation kW 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 Primozone Oxygen Ozone Traditional Total energy consumption depends on ozone production volume kW 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 100% 50% 10% Ozone production volume of total capacity. Total energy consumption Primozone Total energy consumption traditional Photo: Primezone Production AB Photo: Primezone Production AB Using ozone to treat wastewater is an effective way to eliminate microorganisms. This makes it an environmentally friendly alternative to chlorine. The Primozone generator is much smaller than conventional alternatives. GREEN ADVISOR REPORT 2 011: 0 2 372012-05-31T15:21:13+02:00http://ipaper.ipapercms.dk/AAFGroup/GreenAdvisorReport/GreenAdvisorReport022011/?Page=41http://ipaper.ipapercms.dk/AAFGroup/GreenAdvisorReport/GreenAdvisorReport022011/?Page=41WASTE MANAGEMENT Pollution Free Environment Sustainable Society Managing waste for the Swedish Armed Forces As part of its environmental work and in order to manage waste in compliance with Swedish environmental legislation, the Swedish Armed Forces commissioned ÅF to propose a system for a rational, environmentally friendly method of handling the waste generated by Sweden’s UN missions. In hot climates, waste material, especially organic waste, presents huge challenges and must be disposed of rapidly to avoid health risks. At present, the Swedish Armed Forces have no standard system for managing waste products during UN missions. Equipment is purchased for each specific operation and there is no coordination or integration with other systems. As part of its environmental commitments, the Armed Forces commissioned ÅF to propose a rational, environmentally friendly waste management strategy for Sweden’s UN missions. 4-stage waste management hierarchy Swedish environmental legislation requires waste to be managed in a way that contributes to a more sustainable society. First and foremost, therefore, it is important to minimise the production of waste. Wherever in the world the Swedish Armed Forces operate, they seek to comply with Swedish environmental laws that prescribe a fourstage hierarchy for waste management: 1) re-use, 2) material recycling, 3) energy recovery, and finally 4) disposal. Minimal local impact The waste management system ÅF proposed had to meet many requirements, including temperatures between –46˚C and +49˚C, and atmospheric humidity between 3 percent and 100 percent. The system also had to be scaled for military oper- ations involving up to 150 individuals and lasting from 30 days to 6 months. Other considerations to be taken into account included legislation and waste volumes. Since the system is for UN missions, specifically those outside Sweden, it is important to deal with waste in a way that minimises impact on the local environment. Five essential components To comply with legislation and the client’s project criteria, ÅF identified five essential components for the system: 1) toilets, 2) composting, 3) waste separation, 4) combustion, and 5) compaction. Separation, compaction, combustion and composting make waste management more efficient. A rational waste management system reduces work, costs and environmental impact. ÅF has worked with the Swedish Armed Forces to develop the most efficient, ecofriendly strategy to help Sweden’s worldwide UN military missions to manage their waste. Combating theft and vermin Separating waste fractions requires space and equipment. Waste compacting facilities are important since fractions such as cans and PET bottles take up a lot of space. It is also important for containers to be tightly sealed and lockable to keep out thieves and vermin. As part of its environmental commitments, the Armed Forces commissioned ÅF to propose a rational, environmentally friendly waste management strategy for Sweden’s UN missions. 38 GREEN ADVISOR REPORT 2 011: 0 22012-05-31T15:21:13+02:00http://ipaper.ipapercms.dk/AAFGroup/GreenAdvisorReport/GreenAdvisorReport022011/?Page=42http://ipaper.ipapercms.dk/AAFGroup/GreenAdvisorReport/GreenAdvisorReport022011/?Page=42study realisation improvement Complete solution in two containers ÅF concluded that it is, indeed, possible to produce a complete waste management system for international military operations. The entire system can be fitted into two 20-foot ISO containers. These freight transport units, produced to specifications from the International Standards Organisation (ISO), are suitable for multiple modes of transport by road, rail or sea. One container houses the separation vessels and compost; the other has compaction equipment and a small combustion furnace. All components in the proposed system are commercially available. ISO containers are also lockable to minimise the risks of pilfering or vermin. Photo: ÅF Small photos: Stella Pictures According to Swedish environmental legislation, waste management must contribute to a more sustainable society. This is why material recycling is an important concern for the Swedish Armed Forces during their UN missions. GREEN ADVISOR REPORT 2 011: 0 2 392012-05-31T15:21:13+02:00http://ipaper.ipapercms.dk/AAFGroup/GreenAdvisorReport/GreenAdvisorReport022011/?Page=43http://ipaper.ipapercms.dk/AAFGroup/GreenAdvisorReport/GreenAdvisorReport022011/?Page=43ÅF Green Advisor partners ÅF thanks the clients listed below for agreeing to let us share information about aspects of some of the sustainability-related projects we have performed for them. Astrakhan’s Regional Government Boliden Mineral AB City of Helsingborg City of Malmö DeLaval Sales AB Fortum Eesti AS JSC GC-4 Minol Mätteknik AB Primozone Production AB Stora Enso AB Swedish Armed Forces Swedish Energy Agency Vapo Oy Ångpanneföreningen’s Foundation for Research and Development (ÅForsk)2012-05-31T15:21:13+02:00http://ipaper.ipapercms.dk/AAFGroup/GreenAdvisorReport/GreenAdvisorReport022011/?Page=44http://ipaper.ipapercms.dk/AAFGroup/GreenAdvisorReport/GreenAdvisorReport022011/?Page=442012-05-31T15:21:13+02:00http://ipaper.ipapercms.dk/AAFGroup/GreenAdvisorReport/GreenAdvisorReport022011/?Page=45http://ipaper.ipapercms.dk/AAFGroup/GreenAdvisorReport/GreenAdvisorReport022011/?Page=45ÅF – leading the way in technical consulting. Our work focuses on energy and the environment, investments in infrastructure and projects for industry. Our base is in Europe, but our business and clients extend right across the globe. What makes us unique are our co-workers and the technical consulting industry’s greatest bank of experience. It’s all summed up in our corporate motto: “ÅF – innovation by experience.” GREEN ADVISOR REPORT 2011:02 341 123 Tel. +46 10 505 00 00 www.afconsult.com2012-05-31T15:21:13+02:00